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The effects of opencast mining activities on environment and human health Finally, Section 4 concludes this chapter.Ģ. In Section 3, reclamation and rehabilitation are addressed within a broader perspective, including the definition of basic terminology the aim, the importance and the necessity for the reclamation of opencast mine sites methods and techniques evaluation of the success of reclamation interdisciplinary dimension of the issue several case studies and legislative matters as well.
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The next section gives basic overview of the effects of opencast mining activities on both environment and human health. The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows.
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The main motivation of this chapter is to emphasize both the importance of reclamation studies and the fact that natural and cultural characteristics of the post-mining landscapes have to be considered within different point of views by various disciplines simultaneously in order to obtain the most suitable landscape use planning for such areas. Different methods and approaches for the reclamation of opencast mine sites have been proposed by several disciplines such as landscape architecture, environmental and mining engineering, forestry, archeology and social sciences. Therefore, successful and sustainable reclamation requires interdisciplinary approach leading to an integrated and effective proposal to restore ecological, hydrological, aesthetic, recreational and other functions of the post-mining landscape. On the other hand, reclamation of post-mining landscapes is a very challenging task since there is no unique reclamation planning scheme for such landscapes, and it highly depends on the site-specific characteristics. When the extraction of reserve is over, the altered landscape has to be reclaimed in order to relieve the damaging effects of opencast mining and restore the landscape and its immediate surroundings. Topography and drainage, air, soil and water quality, vegetation including forest ecosystems, noise levels and ground vibrations, human health and habitation can be listed as the typical parameters that are mainly affected by opencast mining activities. Due to its nature, especially opencast mining inevitably leads to serious degradation on ecological and aesthetic values of the landscape. Even though it is regarded as a crucial economic activity worldwide, mining has a significant negative impact on environment.